The implications of Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) regarding the abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria are profound and multifaceted. Article 3 reaffirms the inherent right to life, liberty, and security for all individuals, regardless of their background or circumstances. It serves as the bedrock of human rights law, emphasizing the sanctity of human life. In the Nigerian context, the application of Article 3 is crucial in addressing issues of violence, crime, and justice.
Despite the clear mandate of Article 3, Nigeria continues to struggle with challenges related to insecurity, including widespread criminal activities such as robbery, kidnapping, and insurgency. The persistence of these threats underscores the urgent need for the Nigerian government to prioritize the protection of citizens’ lives and property. However, the continued use of the death penalty as a means of addressing crime raises serious ethical and legal questions, particularly in light of Article 3’s emphasis on the right to life.
Advocates for the abolition of the death penalty argue that the death penalty is not only a violation of the right to life but also fails to serve as an effective deterrent against crime. Instead, they contend that the focus should be on addressing the root causes of criminal behavior and implementing alternative measures for rehabilitation and reintegration. Furthermore, the arbitrary application of the death penalty in Nigeria raises concerns about due process, fairness, and the risk of wrongful convictions.
The international community, including organizations such as the United Nations, has long called for the abolition of the death penalty worldwide. Numerous treaties and resolutions have been adopted to promote this objective, reflecting a global consensus on the need to respect and protect the right to life. Nigeria, as a member of the international community, is urged to adhere to these principles and consider alternative approaches to addressing crime and ensuring justice.
Moreover, the abolition of the death penalty aligns with Nigeria’s commitments under international law. Section 33 of the 1999 Constitution explicitly protects the right to life, with limited exceptions for cases involving capital punishment. By abolishing the death penalty, Nigeria would demonstrate its commitment to upholding human rights standards and promoting a more just and humane society.
In practical terms, the abolition of the death penalty would require comprehensive legal reforms, including the amendment of Laws that allow for its imposition. Additionally, efforts should be made to address systemic issues within the criminal justice system, such as corruption, inefficiency and lack of access to legal representation. Alternative forms of punishment, such as life imprisonment, should be considered as viable alternatives to the death penalty, ensuring that justice is served without resorting to irreversible measures.
Furthermore, the abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria would send a powerful message to the international community about the country’s commitment to human rights and the rule of law. It would enhance Nigeria’s standing on the global stage and promote greater cooperation and collaboration with other nations in addressing common challenges, such as transnational crime and terrorism.
The implications of Article 3 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for the abolition of the death penalty in Nigeria are profound and far-reaching. By respecting the right to life and pursuing alternative approaches to justice, Nigeria can strengthen its commitment to human rights, promote security and stability, and contribute to a just and harmonious world.
